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Postoperative anaemia: Hiding in plain sight
Ethan H Crispell1, Jessica Trinh1, Matthew A Warner2
1Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55906, USA.
Best Practice & Research. Clinical Anaesthesiology
|January 7, 2025
Summary
Postoperative anaemia is common but harmful, impacting surgical patient outcomes. This review highlights its prevalence, causes, consequences, and management, proposing a new classification as acute blood injury.
Area of Science:
- Surgery
- Hematology
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Postoperative anaemia is a frequent complication in surgical patients.
- It is often underestimated, despite its association with adverse clinical outcomes.
- Understanding its impact is crucial for improving patient care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the prevalence, aetiology, and outcomes of postoperative anaemia.
- To highlight current prevention and management strategies.
- To propose a novel framework classifying postoperative anaemia as acute blood injury.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of postoperative anaemia.
- Analysis of prevalence, causative factors, and patient outcomes.
- Development of a conceptual framework for anaemia classification.
Main Results:
- Postoperative anaemia is prevalent and linked to negative outcomes.
- Key causes include blood loss and impaired erythropoiesis.
- A new framework categorizes it as acute blood injury (anaemic subtype).
Conclusions:
- Postoperative anaemia requires greater clinical attention.
- Further research is needed for risk stratification and optimal treatment.
- Viewing anaemia as acute blood injury may improve management approaches.
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