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Related Concept Videos

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Mobile Outside-in Technique of Transforaminal Lumbar Endoscopy for Lumbar Disc Herniations
05:50

A Mobile Outside-in Technique of Transforaminal Lumbar Endoscopy for Lumbar Disc Herniations

Published on: August 7, 2018

11.8K

Endoscopic Contralateral Transaxillary Discectomy for Recurrent Disc Herniation.

Sohrab Gollogly1, James Yue2, Facundo Van Isseldyk3

  • 1Monterey Spine and Joint, Monterey, CA, USA.

Neurospine
|January 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This video describes a novel endoscopic surgical technique for recurrent disc herniations, offering a new approach for difficult spinal pathologies. This method provides enhanced visualization and access in revision surgeries.

Keywords:
Endoscopic spine surgeryHerniated nucleus pulposusRevision surgerySurgical approach

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Mobile Outside-in Technique of Transforaminal Lumbar Endoscopy for Lumbar Disc Herniations
05:50

A Mobile Outside-in Technique of Transforaminal Lumbar Endoscopy for Lumbar Disc Herniations

Published on: August 7, 2018

11.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery

Background:

  • Endoscopic spine surgery offers advantages in accessing difficult pathologies.
  • Revision spinal surgeries present unique challenges due to scar tissue and altered anatomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a novel contralateral transaxillary endoscopic approach for recurrent lumbar disc herniations.
  • To highlight the utility of this technique in revision spinal surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Demonstration of a contralateral interlaminar endoscopic discectomy.
  • Utilizing an "over the top" technique navigating dorsal to the thecal sac.
  • Specific application in a patient with early S1 nerve root takeoff creating an axillary window.

Main Results:

  • Successful endoscopic access to a recurrent disc herniation at L5-S1.
  • Visualization of the herniation from both axillary and "over the top" perspectives.
  • The approach navigated dorsal to the S1 nerve root and ventral to the thecal sac.

Conclusions:

  • The contralateral transaxillary endoscopic approach is a viable option for recurrent disc herniations.
  • This technique offers distinct advantages in revision spinal surgery, particularly with specific anatomical variations.
  • Endoscopic instruments provide greater maneuverability in the confined spinal canal.