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Local Ancestry and Adaptive Introgression in Xiangnan Cattle
Huixuan Yan1,2, Jianbo Li1, Kunyu Zhang2
1Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China.
Biology
|January 8, 2025
Summary
Xiangnan cattle, a native Chinese breed, exhibit high genetic diversity and possess genes for immunity and heat tolerance. Introgression from other breeds aided their adaptation to Southern China's environment.
Area of Science:
- Animal Genetics
- Genomics
- Evolutionary Biology
Background:
- Xiangnan cattle are a native Chinese breed adapted to high temperatures and humidity.
- They display strong disease resistance, indicating unique genetic traits.
- Understanding their genetic makeup is crucial for conservation and utilization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the genetic landscape of Xiangnan cattle.
- To identify genes associated with adaptation and disease resistance.
- To understand the breed's evolutionary history and genetic diversity.
Main Methods:
- Whole-genome sequencing of 16 Xiangnan cattle.
- Integration of published genome data from 81 additional cattle.
- Analysis of selection signals using CLR, θπ, FST, and XP-EHH methods.
Main Results:
- Xiangnan cattle are pure East Asian indicine cattle with high genetic diversity and low inbreeding.
- Identified genes linked to immunity (e.g., ITGB3, CD55) and heat tolerance (e.g., COX4I2, DNAJC18).
- Significant introgression from banteng and gaur cattle was detected, contributing to adaptation.
Conclusions:
- Xiangnan cattle possess unique genetic resources for adaptation and disease resistance.
- Genetic introgression played a role in their adaptation to Southern China.
- Findings provide a foundation for conserving and utilizing Xiangnan cattle genetic resources.
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