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Persistent Symptoms (Lasting Longer than 1 Year) in Children Hospitalized with Acute COVID-19 Versus Other Conditions
Marta Conde1, Irati Gastesi2, Lucía de Pablo1
1Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica e Innovación Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía y del Henares (FIIB HUIS HHEN), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, 28702 Madrid, Spain.
Insights
One year after hospitalization, children and young people (CYP) with acute COVID-19 showed similar rates of persistent symptoms compared to those hospitalized for other conditions. This study highlights no significant difference in long-term post-hospitalization symptoms for pediatric COVID-19 patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Evaluating persistent symptoms in children and young people (CYP) post-hospitalization for acute COVID-19.
- Comparing outcomes with a control group of CYP hospitalized for other conditions.
- Assessing long-term health impacts of COVID-19 in pediatric populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence and characteristics of persistent symptoms in CYP one year after acute COVID-19 hospitalization.
- To compare these persistent symptoms with those in CYP hospitalized for non-COVID-19 conditions.
- To analyze differences in readmissions and overall well-being between the groups.
Main Methods:
- Observational study in three Madrid hospitals involving CYP (1 month to 18 years) hospitalized for acute COVID-19 or other conditions (March 2020-December 2021).
- Exclusion of participants with prior or during-study COVID-19 history.
- Data collection via clinical records and family questionnaires, with primary outcome as persistent symptoms at one year.
Main Results:
- 35% of all participants (50 COVID-19, 46 non-COVID-19) experienced persistent symptoms.
- Persistent symptoms at ≥12 months were observed in 28% of COVID-19 patients versus 15% of non-COVID-19 patients (p=0.140).
- No significant differences were found in emotional welfare, social relationships, activities, or readmission rates between groups.
Conclusions:
- No significant difference in the prevalence of persistent symptoms was found one year after hospitalization between CYP with acute COVID-19 and those hospitalized for other conditions.
- The study suggests that acute COVID-19 hospitalization does not lead to a significantly higher burden of long-term symptoms in children compared to other hospitalizations.
- Further research may be needed to understand the nuances of symptom persistence in pediatric populations post-hospitalization.
Abstract:
Background: We evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of persistent signs and/or symptoms in children and young people (CYP) one year after hospitalization for acute COVID-19 compared with a control group of CYP hospitalized for other conditions. Methods: We conducted an observational study in three hospitals in Madrid, which included a group of children aged between 1 month and 18 years who were hospitalized due to acute COVID-19 from March 2020 to December 2021. We also selected a comparison group of patients hospitalized for other, unrelated conditions within the same month. Eligible participants had no history of COVID-19 at recruitment or during follow-up. Data were collected from clinical records and a standardized questionnaire completed by the patients' families. The primary outcome was the presence of persistent symptoms one year after hospitalization. Results: A total of 96 patients were enrolled and analyzed (50 acute COVID-19 patients and 46 non-COVID-19 participants). Of these, 34/96 (35%) met the criteria for persistent symptoms (CYP: 17/50 (34%) COVID-19 participants and 17/46 (37%) non-COVID-19 participants (p = 0.767)). Symptoms persisted ≥12 months in 14/50 (28%) COVID-19 participants and in 7/46 (15%) non-COVID-19 participants (p = 0.140). Both before and after admission, all of the participants provided similar ratings for all of the specific items related to emotional welfare, social relationships, and current activities. Readmissions occurred in 11/50 (22%) COVID-19 participants and in 6/46 (13%) non-COVID-19 participants (p = 0.267). Conclusions: We identified a non-significant difference in the prevalence of persistent symptoms 1 year after hospitalization between children and young people (CYP) with acute COVID-19 and those hospitalized for non-COVID-19-related conditions.
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