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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

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The Cellular and Transcriptomic Early Innate Immune Response to BCG Vaccination in Mice.

Liya G Kondratyeva1,2, Olga A Rakitina1, Victor V Pleshkan1,2

  • 1Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.

Cells
|January 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination boosts innate immune cells in mice, increasing monocytes and NK cells in spleen and bone marrow. This early response shows transcriptomic changes, potentially enhancing trained immunity (TRIM).

Keywords:
BCGRNA-seqinnate immunitytrained immunitytranscriptomevaccination

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Innate Immunity

Background:

  • Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination induces specific and nonspecific (trained immunity or TRIM) immune responses.
  • The early innate immune response in bone marrow and spleen following BCG immunization is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the early transcriptomic response of innate immune cells (monocytes, neutrophils, NK cells) in bone marrow and spleen after BCG vaccination.
  • To determine if BCG vaccination alters the proportion and gene expression of these innate immune cells.

Main Methods:

  • C57Bl/6J mice were subcutaneously immunized with BCG.
  • Three days post-vaccination, monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells were isolated from spleen and bone marrow using FACS.
  • RNA-seq libraries were prepared and sequenced to analyze transcriptomic changes.

Main Results:

  • BCG vaccination increased the proportion of splenic NK cells and monocytes 3 days post-vaccination.
  • Transcriptomic analysis revealed gene deregulation in NK cells, monocytes, and unsorted bone marrow cells.
  • Specific immune ligands (Tnfsf14, S100a8) and receptors (C5ar1, Csf2rb) were identified as differentially expressed; neutrophils showed no changes.

Conclusions:

  • BCG vaccination induces an early increase in specific innate immune cell populations in murine spleen and bone marrow.
  • Early transcriptomic alterations in monocytes and NK cells suggest a role in the innate immune response to BCG.
  • These findings support the hypothesis that BCG vaccination enhances trained immunity (TRIM) through early innate immune modulation.