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Novel Tripeptides as Tyrosinase Inhibitors: In Silico and In Vitro Approaches.

Michał Dymek¹, Dawid Warszycki², Sabina Podlewska²

¹Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|January 8, 2025

Summary

New tripeptides were developed as safe and effective tyrosinase inhibitors to address melanin overproduction. These non-toxic compounds show potential for use in skin-brightening and anti-aging cosmetics.

Keywords:

melanogenesis molecular modeling tripeptides tyrosinase inhibitors

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Dermatology
Cosmetic Science

Background:

Tyrosinase is crucial for melanin production, but overproduction causes skin concerns.
There is a need for safe, biocompatible tyrosinase inhibitors for cosmetic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and evaluate novel tripeptide tyrosinase inhibitors.
To assess the safety and efficacy of these inhibitors for cosmetic use.

Main Methods:

Molecular modeling, including docking and molecular dynamics simulations.
In vitro assays to determine inhibitory concentration (IC50) and copper-chelating activity.
Cytotoxicity testing using MTT assay on reconstructed human epidermis.

Main Results:

Three tripeptides (CSF, CSN, CVL) were identified as potent tyrosinase inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 136.04 to 261.79 µM.
Peptides demonstrated stable binding to tyrosinase via hydrogen bonds and salt bridges.
CSF peptide exhibited the highest copper-chelating activity; all tripeptides were non-toxic.

Conclusions:

Developed tripeptides are effective and non-toxic tyrosinase inhibitors.
These compounds hold promise as active ingredients in skin-brightening and anti-aging cosmetic formulations.