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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
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Investigating Intestinal Inflammation in DSS-induced Model of IBD
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Separating Infectious Proctitis from Inflammatory Bowel Disease-A Common Clinical Conundrum.

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Infective proctitis, often caused by STIs, is rising, especially in high-risk groups. Differentiating it from inflammatory bowel disease is challenging due to overlapping symptoms, requiring careful clinical and diagnostic evaluation.

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Chlamydia trachomatisMpoxNeisseria gonorrhoeaeinflammatory bowel diseaselymphogranuloma venereumproctitissexually transmitted infection

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Sexual Health

Background:

  • Proctitis, rectal inflammation, presents with bleeding, discharge, and pain.
  • Common causes include sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  • Infective proctitis incidence is increasing, particularly in men who have sex with men and HIV-positive individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare and highlight distinguishing features of inflammatory and infective proctitis.
  • To provide a practical guide for clinicians to avoid misdiagnosis.
  • To focus on key clinical and diagnostic features for accurate differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations of proctitis.
  • Comparison of endoscopic and histological features of infective vs. inflammatory causes.
  • Analysis of common causative organisms in infective proctitis.

Main Results:

  • Significant overlap exists between infective proctitis and IBD presentations.
  • Common infective organisms include *Neisseria gonorrhoeae*, *Chlamydia trachomatis*, *Treponema palladium*, HSV, and *Mycoplasma genitalium*.
  • Mpox outbreak also identified proctitis as a feature.

Conclusions:

  • Distinguishing infective proctitis from IBD is a clinical challenge.
  • Focusing on specific clinical and diagnostic hallmarks is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
  • This review aids clinicians in differentiating proctitis causes to prevent misdiagnosis.