Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

63.2K
Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
63.2K
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

8.5K
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
8.5K
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

8.0K
Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
8.0K
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

21.2K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
21.2K
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

28.6K
Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
28.6K
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

15.1K
Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
15.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

QcrB inhibitor Q203 (Telacebec) can synergize with clofazimine and clarithromycin to control a Mycobacterium avium infection.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Host Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Regulate Iron Uptake in Recipient Macrophages during <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> Infection.

Journal of proteome research·2025
Same author

Tankyrases positively regulate influenza A virus replication via type I interferon response.

Journal of virology·2025
Same author

Breathless Aftermath: Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Viruses·2025
Same author

SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15 endoribonuclease subverts host defenses to enhance viral fitness in lung cells.

Journal of virology·2025
Same author

Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-mediated antiviral response protects mice from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Journal of virology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions
10:27

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: October 21, 2022

1.5K

Host Long Noncoding RNAs as Key Players in Mycobacteria-Host Interactions.

Stephen K Kotey1,2, Xuejuan Tan1,2, Audrey L Kinser1,2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.

Microorganisms
|January 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Host long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators in cellular responses to mycobacterial infections. Understanding these lncRNAs offers potential for new diagnostic biomarkers and host-directed therapies for tuberculosis and NTM infections.

Keywords:
Mycobacterium bovis BCGMycobacterium tuberculosishost cellslncRNAslong noncoding RNAsmacrophagesmycobacterial infectionsnon-tuberculous mycobacteria

More Related Videos

Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1
07:42

Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1

Published on: February 28, 2025

276
A Non-Coding Small RNA MicC Contributes to Virulence in Outer Membrane Proteins in Salmonella Enteritidis
06:30

A Non-Coding Small RNA MicC Contributes to Virulence in Outer Membrane Proteins in Salmonella Enteritidis

Published on: January 27, 2021

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2025

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions
10:27

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: October 21, 2022

1.5K
Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1
07:42

Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1

Published on: February 28, 2025

276
A Non-Coding Small RNA MicC Contributes to Virulence in Outer Membrane Proteins in Salmonella Enteritidis
06:30

A Non-Coding Small RNA MicC Contributes to Virulence in Outer Membrane Proteins in Salmonella Enteritidis

Published on: January 27, 2021

1.6K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mycobacterial infections, including tuberculosis (TB) and non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) infections, pose significant global health challenges.
  • Effective diagnostics and therapeutics require a deep understanding of host-pathogen interactions.
  • Host long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as critical regulators in cellular defense mechanisms against bacterial pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on the role of host lncRNAs in mycobacterial infections.
  • To explore the intricate relationship between host lncRNAs and pathogens like *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* and NTMs.
  • To highlight the potential of lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating host lncRNAs in mycobacterial infections.
  • Analysis of the role of lncRNAs in regulating cellular responses, particularly in macrophages.
  • Synthesis of evidence linking specific lncRNAs to disease pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Host lncRNAs are key regulators of cellular responses within host cells, especially macrophages, during mycobacterial infections.
  • Specific lncRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis of both TB and NTM infections.
  • Evidence suggests lncRNAs influence intracellular survival of mycobacteria.

Conclusions:

  • Host lncRNAs play a significant role in the host's response to mycobacterial infections.
  • lncRNAs represent promising targets for developing novel host-directed therapies.
  • Specific host lncRNAs hold potential as diagnostic biomarkers for TB and other mycobacterial diseases.