Polymeric Materials Used in 3DP in Dentistry-Biocompatibility Testing Challenges

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Materials
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Recent advancements in dental materials and technologies have focused on 3D printing (3DP) for fabricating dental devices.
• The biocompatibility of resin-based 3D-printed dental materials remains a significant concern due to incomplete polymerization and potential toxicity from residual monomers and post-processing agents.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of the biocompatibility testing methods for 3D-printed dental materials.
• To analyze factors influencing monomer release and cytotoxicity in 3DP dental applications.

Main Methods:

• A systematic review of scientific literature was conducted using major search engines with specific keywords related to 3D printing in dentistry.
• Data extraction focused on materials used, polymerization techniques, monomer release, cytotoxicity assessments, and biocompatibility testing protocols.

Main Results:

• Limited studies currently address the cellular responses to 3D-printed dental resins.
• Factors influencing monomer release and the effectiveness of post-curing treatments in mitigating cytotoxicity are critical considerations.
• Various biocompatibility tests are employed to evaluate dental materials manufactured via 3DP.

Conclusions:

• Despite regulatory standards, thorough biocompatibility investigation of new 3D-printed dental materials is essential.
• Understanding and mitigating the risks associated with residual monomers and processing chemicals are vital for ensuring patient safety.
• Further research is needed to fully elucidate the long-term cellular effects of 3D-printed dental materials.