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Impact loading occurs when a moving object collides with a stationary structure, such as a rod with a uniform cross-sectional area fixed at one end. Under these conditions, the rod absorbs the kinetic energy from the striking object, leading to deformation and subsequent stress development. As the rod returns to its original position and reaches maximum stress, the absorbed energy, initially manifested as kinetic energy, transforms entirely into strain energy.
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Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Influence of Step-Width Manipulation on Running Biomechanics

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Influence of Sudden Changes in Foot Strikes on Loading Rate Variability in Runners.

Maxime Chabot^1,2, Alexandre Thibault-Piedboeuf^1,2, Marie-Lyne Nault^3,4

¹Faculty of Medicine, Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V OA6, Canada.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 8, 2025

Summary

Switching to an imposed rearfoot strike pattern during running increases variability in loading rates and shank acceleration. This suggests caution when retraining running form to avoid potential discomfort and instability.

Keywords:

ground reaction forces impact loading running biomechanics training intervention

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Sports Science
Running Dynamics

Background:

Foot strike patterns significantly impact vertical loading rates in runners.
Running retraining programs often involve altering foot strike patterns.
Sudden changes in foot strike can lead to discomfort and increased step-to-step variability.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effects of usual versus imposed foot strike patterns on vertical loading rate variability and amplitude.
To assess the impact of altered foot strike on shank acceleration peak variability and amplitude.

Main Methods:

Twenty-seven participants ran on an instrumented treadmill using their usual foot strike, followed by an imposed unusual foot strike.
Vertical loading rates (instantaneous and average) and their variances were calculated over 200 steps.
Shank acceleration peak amplitude and variability were measured using an inertial measurement unit.

Main Results:

Higher vertical loading rate and shank acceleration peak amplitudes were observed with rearfoot strike, irrespective of condition (usual or imposed).
Increased variability in vertical loading rate and shank acceleration peak occurred with an imposed rearfoot strike compared to a usual forefoot strike.
No significant differences in variability were found between imposed forefoot strike and usual rearfoot strike.

Conclusions:

Adopting an imposed rearfoot strike pattern significantly amplifies vertical loading rate and shank acceleration peak variabilities.
Running retraining interventions should consider the potential for increased variability when imposing a rearfoot strike pattern.