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Related Concept Videos

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
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Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

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The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
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IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones01:29

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones

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Infrared spectroscopy, also known as vibrational spectroscopy, is mainly used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups in molecules. In aldehydes and ketones, the carbonyl (C=O) bond shows an absorption around 1710 cm-1. The C=O bond vibration of an aldehyde occurs at lower frequencies than that of a ketone. In addition to the C=O absorption in an aldehyde, the aldehydic C–H bond also gives two peaks in the 2700–2800 cm-1 range. This absorption, coupled with the...
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IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
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Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
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Infrared Spectroscopic Electronic Noses: An Innovative Approach for Exhaled Breath Sensing.

Johannes Glöckler1, Jan Mitrovics2, Sara Beeken2

  • 1Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.

ACS Sensors
|January 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel infrared spectroscopic electronic nose system accurately detects gastric cancer by analyzing breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This technology offers a sensitive, specific, and accessible tool for early cancer screening.

Keywords:
IR sensorIR spectroscopyMOX sensorselectronic nose, eNoseexhaled breathexhalomegastric canceriHWGmid-infrared, MIRvolatile organic compounds, VOCs

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Gastric cancer is a major cause of mortality, necessitating early detection methods.
  • Current diagnostic tools lack the sensitivity and accessibility for widespread early screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an integrated infrared spectroscopic electronic nose system for early gastric cancer detection.
  • To analyze volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath for disease-specific biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • An integrated infrared (IR) spectroscopy and electronic nose (eNose) system was developed.
  • The system was calibrated with gas mixtures and tested on 26 gastric cancer patients and 32 healthy controls.
  • Chemometric analyses, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least-Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), were used.

Main Results:

  • The integrated IR-eNose system demonstrated enhanced accuracy in volatile organic compound (VOC) fingerprinting.
  • Distinct breath profiles differentiated gastric cancer patients from healthy controls with a prediction accuracy of 0.96.
  • The system exhibited high sensitivity and specificity for gastric cancer detection.

Conclusions:

  • The combined IR spectroscopy and eNose system shows significant potential for non-invasive, early gastric cancer screening.
  • This technology could facilitate rapid, on-site testing, improving accessibility, especially in underserved populations.