Analysis of the influence of different types of anti-slide piles on lining structures under landslide loading

Investigating the selection of corresponding support methods for tunnel lining structures with different burial depths under landslide loads has strong practical significance. This paper analyzes the influence of anti-slide piles on the lining support of tunnels at different depths through scaling experiments combined with numerical simulation methods. The conclusions of this study are as follows: Under the same anti-slide pile cross-sectional conditions, when the tunnel is at a shallower depth (above the slip surface), due to the influence of the landslide load, a significant bias stress phenomenon occurs in the tunnel lining. When the tunnel is buried at a greater depth (below the slip surface), the impact of the anti-slide pile cross-sectional shape and landslide load on the tunnel lining diminishes. The bias stress ratio gradually approaches 1. Under the same tunnel lining burial depth conditions, h-type anti-slide piles exhibit the best anti-slide performance, followed by square piles, with circular anti-slide piles demonstrating relatively poorer performance. However, h-type anti-slide piles also have the highest cost, whereas circular piles are the most cost-effective. An analysis based on value engineering theory indicates that when a tunnel is positioned above the slip surface, square piles or h-type anti-slip piles offer the most cost-effective support. When a tunnel is buried at a greater depth, circular anti-slide piles represent a cost-effective solution. This study holds certain reference significance for the selection of tunnel support methods at different burial depths within tunnel landslide systems.