Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Aggression01:47

Aggression

27.7K
Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for...
27.7K
The Scientific Method02:40

The Scientific Method

59.2K
Research is what makes the difference between facts and opinions. Facts are observable realities, and opinions are personal judgments, conclusions, or attitudes that may or may not be accurate. In the scientific community, facts can be established only using evidence collected through empirical research.
59.2K
Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

15.4K
If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
15.4K
Secondary Motives: Affiliation Motivation and Aggression Motivation01:21

Secondary Motives: Affiliation Motivation and Aggression Motivation

293
Affiliation motivation is the intrinsic desire to connect with others and belong to a social group, which plays a crucial role in forming and maintaining personal relationships. This type of motivation is essential for psychological well-being, as it provides individuals with a sense of community and support. An example of this is a student who joins a study group in order to feel a sense of connection. People with high affiliation motivation actively seek social approval, take satisfaction in...
293
Group Design02:01

Group Design

8.9K
The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
8.9K
Archival Research01:40

Archival Research

15.9K
Some researchers gain access to large amounts of data without interacting with a single research participant. Instead, they use existing records to answer various research questions. This type of research approach is known as archival research. Archival research relies on looking at past records or data sets to look for interesting patterns or relationships. For example, a researcher might access the academic records of all individuals who enrolled in college within the past ten years and...
15.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Psychometric Properties of the Dutch Short Form of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory.

Personality and mental health·2026
Same author

The "dark triad" may be popular, but more importantly, it is irresponsible, moralizing, trivializing, and ultimately replaceable: Reply to Borráz-León et al. (2026).

Journal of psychopathology and clinical science·2026
Same author

UPPS-P Impulsivity, Momentary Affect, and Gambling: An Experience Sampling Method Study.

Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment·2026
Same author

From controversy to confusion: A commentary on how Marcus et al.'s (2025) Psychopathic Boldness Scale further muddies the boldness construct.

Psychological assessment·2026
Same author

When Do Interaction/Moderation Effects Stabilize in Linear Regression?

Advances in methods and practices in psychological science·2026
Same author

Weapon or Armor? Unpacking the Paradox of Narcissism and Self-Reported Mental Health Through a Three-Level Meta-Analysis.

Journal of personality·2025
Same journal

Online Media Characteristics of Cyberbullying: A Meta-Analysis.

Aggressive behavior·2026
Same journal

"It Was Like They'd Lit a Fuse": A Mixed-Methods Investigation Into Rage.

Aggressive behavior·2026
Same journal

The Independent and Combined Roles of Attentional and Interpretative Biases in Antisocial Behavior, Trait Aggression and Aggressive Responses Under Provocation.

Aggressive behavior·2026
Same journal

Analytical Robustness and Competing Interpretations in Violent Video Game Research: A Response to Teng and Bushman's (2026) Reanalysis of Lacko et al. (2024).

Aggressive behavior·2026
Same journal

When Anonymity Fades: Continued Impact of an Intervention Targeting Emerging Adult Cyberbullying.

Aggressive behavior·2026
Same journal

An Evolutionary Perspective on Bullying and Social Power: The Roles of Cooperation and Manipulation.

Aggressive behavior·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
09:12

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

Published on: July 4, 2013

70.6K

Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Daily Life: An Exploratory Experience-Sampling Method Study.

Nathaniel L Phillips1, Tianwei V Du2, Joshua D Miller1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.

Aggressive Behavior
|January 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explored reactive and proactive aggression in college students. Both aggression types predicted aggressive behaviors, cognitions, and affect, with reactive aggression linked to more negative outcomes.

More Related Videos

Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats
15:01

Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats

Published on: January 18, 2013

15.3K
A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences
00:08

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences

Published on: September 4, 2019

7.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2025

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
09:12

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

Published on: July 4, 2013

70.6K
Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats
15:01

Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats

Published on: January 18, 2013

15.3K
A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences
00:08

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences

Published on: September 4, 2019

7.0K

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Personality Psychology

Background:

  • Trait aggression is understood through reactive (emotion-driven) and proactive (goal-oriented) dimensions.
  • Previous research often relies on cross-sectional data, limiting insights into aggression dynamics.
  • Understanding the distinct and shared features of these aggression types is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the real-world associations of reactive and proactive aggression using an experience-sampling method.
  • To compare the relationships of reactive and proactive aggression with affective and interpersonal factors.
  • To identify similarities and differences in the nomological networks of trait aggression dimensions.

Main Methods:

  • An experience-sampling approach was employed with 477 US undergraduate students.
  • Baseline measures of reactive and proactive aggression were collected.
  • Real-world dyadic encounters were assessed for aggression-related behavior, cognition, and affect.

Main Results:

  • Both reactive and proactive aggression scores predicted subsequent aggression-related outcomes.
  • Reactive aggression demonstrated stronger links to negative affectivity and interpersonal deficits.
  • Significant overlap was found between the nomological nets of reactive and proactive aggression.

Conclusions:

  • Reactive and proactive aggression dimensions have distinct yet overlapping influences on behavior and affect.
  • Experience-sampling provides valuable insights into the dynamic nature of trait aggression.
  • Further research should explore these dimensions in diverse populations and contexts.