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Factors Affecting Illness

Factors Affecting Illness

When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...

Stress and Mental Health

Stress and Mental Health

Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques I

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques I

Stress prevention and management are crucial for maintaining well-being and building resilience. Techniques to manage stress include cultivating qualities like conscientiousness, a sense of personal control, and self-efficacy. Each of these traits significantly reduces stress and promotes healthier lifestyle choices and outcomes.
Conscientiousness
Conscientious individuals tend to be organized, responsible, and disciplined. They prioritize completing tasks and following structured routines,...

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV

Stress often leads to unhealthy habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and overeating, which offer short-term relief but ultimately increase long-term health risks. These behaviors create a cycle that temporarily lowers stress levels but can result in severe long-term health consequences. Breaking these habits is essential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being. Three primary changes that support better health include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake,...

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Mindfulness in Motion (MIM): An Onsite Mindfulness Based Intervention (MBI) for Chronically High Stress Work Environments to Increase Resiliency and Work Engagement

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Work-Related Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors Influencing Workplace Sickness Absence: A Systematic Literature

Simona Margheritti¹, Laurent Corthésy-Blondin^2,3, Samantha Vila Masse²

¹Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. simona.margheritti@unimib.it.

Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation

|January 8, 2025

Summary

Work-related psychosocial factors significantly impact employee sickness absence (SA). Both risk factors like poor leadership and protective factors such as social support influence SA, guiding interventions for healthier workplaces.

Keywords:

Absenteeism Psychosocial factor Sick leave Sickness absence Systematic review

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Area of Science:

Occupational Health and Safety
Psychosocial Factors in the Workplace
Employee Well-being

Background:

Employee sickness absence (SA) presents global challenges, including costs, productivity loss, and reduced work quality.
Understanding sustainable work retention requires exploring factors influencing SA within occupational health and safety (OHS).

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate work-related psychosocial factors (WRPFs) as predictors of employee SA.
Identify proactive measures for preventing sickness absence.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature review using the Job Demands-Resources Model framework.
Screened 1087 articles; included 30 longitudinal studies following PRISMA guidelines.

Main Results:

SA is influenced by both risk factors (e.g., poor leadership, bullying) and protective WRPFs (e.g., developmental opportunities, social support).
These factors operate across contextual, content-related, and relational dimensions, affecting SA over time.

Conclusions:

Findings offer guidance for OHS stakeholders and researchers on SA prevention.
Contributes knowledge for targeted strategies addressing organizational causes of SA and promoting healthier work environments.