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Acute promyelocytic leukemia.

J Groopman, L Ellman

    American Journal of Hematology
    |January 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) involves abnormal cell growth and bleeding. Heparin prophylaxis is the preferred treatment for coagulopathy, while chemotherapy shows comparable efficacy to other leukemias.

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    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Oncology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia.
    • APL is characterized by abnormal promyelocytes and a severe bleeding tendency.
    • The abnormal promyelocytes contain granules with tissue thromboplastin activity, contributing to coagulopathy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize key features of APL, including morphology, coagulation abnormalities, and treatment approaches.
    • To highlight diagnostic markers such as the 15;17 chromosomal translocation and elevated vitamin B12 levels.
    • To discuss the potential for in vitro differentiation of APL cells.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of clinical and laboratory findings in APL patients.
    • Analysis of coagulation studies, including prothrombin time and fibrinogen degradation products.

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  • Evaluation of treatment responses to heparin and anthracycline-based chemotherapy.

    • Main Results:

    • Coagulation studies often show disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with prolonged prothrombin time and elevated fibrinogen degradation products.
    • Prophylactic heparin is considered the treatment of choice for APL-associated coagulopathy.
    • Chemotherapy response rates are comparable to acute myelogenous leukemia, and the 15;17 translocation is a potential pathognomonic marker.

    Conclusions:

    • APL presents with unique morphological and coagulation abnormalities.
    • Effective management involves addressing coagulopathy with heparin and utilizing chemotherapy for disease control.
    • Further research is needed to understand the cause of maturation arrest in APL cells.