Analysis of heat induced changes in dental tissue for forensic application: A scanning electron microscope study

Area of Science:

• Forensic Odontology
• Materials Science

Background:

• Understanding thermal alterations in teeth is crucial for forensic investigations and victim identification.
• Preserving incinerated teeth allows for detailed macroscopic and microscopic examinations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze macroscopic and microscopic changes in permanent and deciduous teeth exposed to heat.
• To evaluate dental hard tissue alterations using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Main Methods:

• 40 extracted teeth (20 permanent, 20 deciduous) were heated to 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, and 800°C for 15 minutes.
• Teeth were examined macroscopically (color, translucency, texture) and microscopically (enamel and cementum structures) using stereomicroscope and SEM (1000×).
• Parameters included enamel pit/fissure morphology, prism patterns, cracks, porosity, debris, and cementum alterations.

Main Results:

• No significant correlation was found between permanent and deciduous teeth regarding thermal alterations.
• Both macroscopic and microscopic examinations showed a noticeable reduction in observed parameters in enamel and cementum with increasing temperature.
• Significant morphological and ultra-structural changes were observed at specified temperatures.

Conclusions:

• Significant macroscopic and microscopic alterations occur in dental tissues upon exposure to heat.
• Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a valuable tool for examining burnt dental remains, enhancing victim identification in forensic odontology.