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Automated Midline Shift and Intracranial Pressure Estimation based on Brain CT Images
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Multi-Class Brain Tumor Grades Classification Using a Deep Learning-Based Majority Voting Algorithm and Its

Gopal Singh Tandel1, Ashish Tiwari2, Omprakash G Kakde2

  • 1Department of Computer Science, Allahabad Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India. gtandel@gmail.com.

Journal of Imaging Informatics in Medicine
|January 8, 2025
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Summary

This study introduces a non-invasive MRI-based tool using ensemble deep learning to accurately grade brain tumors. The developed system significantly outperforms traditional methods, offering a reliable alternative to invasive biopsies for tumor diagnosis.

Keywords:
Brain tumorClassificationDeep learningEnsembleExplainable AIMagnetic resonance imagingTransfer learning

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Brain tumor diagnosis relies on invasive biopsies, posing risks and leading to analysis inconsistencies.
  • Current diagnostic methods lack cost-effectiveness and swiftness in identifying tumor grades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a non-invasive, cost-effective, MRI-based computer-aided diagnosis tool for reliable and swift brain tumor grading.
  • To enhance diagnostic accuracy and patient safety by reducing reliance on invasive procedures.

Main Methods:

  • An ensemble deep learning (EDL) framework was developed using a majority voting algorithm.
  • The EDL system integrated seven deep learning models and seven machine learning models for multiclass brain tumor classification across five datasets (C2-C6).
  • Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) were used for explainable AI, visualizing model decision-making processes.

Main Results:

  • The DL-based majority voting algorithm achieved superior performance over the ML-based approach.
  • Highest average accuracies were recorded: 100% (C2), 98.55% (C3), 98.47% (C4), 95.34% (C5), and 96.61% (C6).
  • Majority voting demonstrated consistent results and enhanced performance compared to individual models.

Conclusions:

  • The developed MRI-based EDL system offers a highly accurate and reliable non-invasive method for brain tumor grading.
  • This approach provides a cost-effective and swift alternative to traditional biopsy methods.
  • The use of LIME enhances the credibility and interpretability of the AI-driven diagnostic tool.