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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle01:27

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

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Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
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Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

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Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
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Stress and Mental Health01:30

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Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
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Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Exercise Stress Test01:26

Exercise Stress Test

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Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
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Purposes
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Gene Expression After Exercise Is Disrupted by Early-Life Stress.

Taylor S Campbell1, Katelyn Donoghue1, Tania L Roth1

  • 1Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA.

Developmental Psychobiology
|January 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exercise promotes neuroprotection by influencing irisin gene expression. Early life stress can alter these effects, highlighting molecular mechanisms underlying exercise efficacy in individuals.

Keywords:
BdnfFndc5early‐life adversityepigeneticsexerciseirisinprefrontal cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Exercise positively impacts neural and psychological health.
  • Early life stress can have disruptive neurological and psychological effects.
  • Positive experiences like exercise promote neuroprotection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the therapeutic benefits of exercise on brain gene expression.
  • To examine the effects of exercise and early life stress on irisin.
  • To understand molecular mechanisms of exercise efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a preclinical rat model (Long Evans rats).
  • Exposed rats to maltreatment stress or nurturing care during infancy.
  • Administered voluntary aerobic exercise intervention (running wheels) from Postnatal Days 70-90.

Main Results:

  • Irisin gene expression, linked to neuroprotection, was differentially affected by exercise.
  • Early life stress modulated the effects of exercise on irisin.
  • Demonstrated a link between early life experiences, exercise, and neuroprotective gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise influences neuroprotective gene expression, specifically irisin.
  • Early life stress interacts with exercise to affect molecular pathways.
  • Findings offer insights into individual variability in exercise benefits.