Targeted Analysis, Metabolic Profiling, and Fingerprinting Based on an LC(GC)-MS Approach for the Comprehensive...

Pesticides are commonly found in plant-based foods, which inevitably reduces food quality and poses significant health risks to consumers. The extensive variety of crops and the wide range of pesticides used means that no single analytical approach can provide clear and comprehensive information on the pesticide-protection status of a crop. Since most pesticide analyses in food rely on chromatographic techniques combined with various MS platforms, this article focuses exclusively on LC-MS and GC-MS system methodologies. In summary, this paper critically reviews analytical modes-specifically, multi reaction monitoring, data-dependent analysis, and data-independent analysis-and scanning regimes, including full scan, MS, MS/MS, suspect screening, and fingerprinting strategies, for pesticide detection in edible plants. The advantages and disadvantages of these methodologies, as well as their complementary applications, are thoroughly examined.