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Gaming disorder: Neural mechanisms and ongoing debates.

Yong-Bo Zheng1,2, Sheng-Nan Zhang3, Hua-Da Tang4

  • 11Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.

Journal of Behavioral Addictions
|January 9, 2025
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Summary

Gaming disorder, now in ICD-11, involves brain changes in executive function and reward systems. Evidence suggests it

Keywords:
behavioural addictiongaming addictiongaming disorderneural mechanismsneurobiologyongoing debate

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Behavioral Addiction

Background:

  • The International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) includes gaming disorder, sparking debate.
  • Understanding the neural mechanisms of gaming disorder is crucial for this ongoing discussion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the neural mechanisms underlying gaming disorder.
  • To provide evidence to inform the debate on classifying gaming disorder as a psychiatric disorder.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
  • Studies focused on clinical characteristics and neurobiological mechanisms of gaming disorder.
  • The review discusses gaming disorder as a potential psychiatric disorder based on evidence.

Main Results:

  • Gaming disorder is associated with alterations in brain regions governing executive functioning (anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), reward systems (striatum, orbitofrontal cortex), and emotional regulation (insula, amygdala).
  • Despite its ICD-11 inclusion, debate persists regarding its classification as a mental health disorder due to concerns about inadequate evidence, potential moral panic, and stigmatization.

Conclusions:

  • Neurobiological evidence suggests gaming disorder shares similarities with other behavioral and substance-related addictions, supporting its classification as a behavioral addiction.
  • Further research is needed to resolve the ongoing debate surrounding the psychiatric classification of gaming disorder.