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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Supramaximal Intensity Hypoxic Exercise and Vascular Function Assessment in Mice
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Angiotensin-converting gene and hypoxic exercise tolerance: a randomized crossover trial.

Yuki Muramoto1,1, Mizuki Momoi2,1, Daisuke Nakashima3

  • 1Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|January 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Genetic factors influence how well athletes tolerate hypoxic training. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-II genotype is linked to greater reductions in peak oxygen uptake and lower lactate levels during exercise in low-oxygen environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Human Genetics
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Hypoxic training is known to improve endurance performance.
  • Individual responses to hypoxic conditions vary significantly due to physiological differences.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of these variations is crucial for optimizing training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and exercise tolerance under hypoxic conditions.
  • To identify specific genetic factors that influence physiological responses to hypoxia.
  • To determine if genetic analysis can inform personalized hypoxic training strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized crossover study involving 22 male university students.
  • Incremental load tests were performed under normoxic and hypoxic conditions using an ergometer.
  • Peak oxygen uptake, blood lactate levels, and 16 exercise tolerance-associated genotypes, including the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene, were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Peak oxygen uptake was significantly reduced under hypoxic conditions (p<0.01).
  • Individual differences in peak oxygen uptake reduction (Δ peak oxygen uptake) were substantial.
  • Participants with the ACE-II genotype demonstrated significantly greater reductions in peak oxygen uptake and lower blood lactate levels compared to ACE-ID/ACE-DD genotypes under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions (p=0.02 for Δ peak oxygen uptake).

Conclusions:

  • The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotype influences exercise tolerance and physiological responses to hypoxia.
  • Individuals with the ACE-II genotype may experience greater performance decrements and altered lactate metabolism in hypoxic environments.
  • Personalized hypoxic training programs incorporating genetic analysis, particularly focusing on ACE genotype, are recommended for optimizing endurance sports tolerance.