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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Sample Extraction and Simultaneous Chromatographic Quantitation of Doxorubicin and Mitomycin C Following Drug Combination Delivery in Nanoparticles to Tumor-bearing Mice
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Quantification of five antineoplastic agents in swab samples using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS: Method development and validation.

Eline Verscheure1, Matteo Creta1, Katrien Poels1

  • 1Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Analytica Chimica Acta
|January 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

New methods enable simultaneous quantification of hazardous antineoplastic drugs like cyclophosphamide and etoposide in environmental samples. These validated techniques allow for sensitive detection of contamination, ensuring safer workplaces and home environments during cancer treatment.

Keywords:
Anticancer drugAntineoplastic agentsChemical contaminationEnvironmental monitoringLiquid chromatographyMass spectrometrySwabsTrace analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental monitoring
  • Analytical chemistry
  • Occupational health

Background:

  • Antineoplastic agents are hazardous drugs used in cancer treatment.
  • Environmental contamination by these drugs is a concern in healthcare and home settings.
  • Current methods lack simultaneous quantification of key antineoplastic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate methods for simultaneous quantification of multiple antineoplastic agents in swab samples.
  • To enable regular monitoring of environmental contamination by hazardous drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Optimized sample collection and extraction using water or water/acetonitrile.
  • Utilized ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) for detection.
  • Determined method validation parameters including selectivity, linearity, sensitivity, precision, and accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Developed two methods for simultaneous quantification of cyclophosphamide, etoposide, mitomycin C, and imatinib, and a separate method for 5-fluorouracil.
  • Achieved Lower Limits of Quantification (LLOQs) as low as 0.3 ng/swab.
  • Successfully measured quantifiable antineoplastic agent concentrations after a spill, which fell below LLOQ after cleaning.

Conclusions:

  • Two validated methods allow for safe collection, rapid preparation, and sensitive quantification of environmental contamination.
  • These methods are applicable in the field for monitoring hazardous drug exposure.
  • Enables effective assessment and management of antineoplastic agent contamination.