Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

337
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
337
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

472
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
472
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

3.7K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
3.7K
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

6.2K
Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
6.2K
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

4.9K
Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
4.9K
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

5.7K
Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
5.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CXCR4-modification enhances CAR-T efficacy by improving tumor tracking and bone marrow homing in B-cell malignancies.

Signal transduction and targeted therapy·2026
Same author

Overcoming resistance to antibody-drug conjugates: from mechanistic insights to cutting-edge strategies.

Journal of hematology & oncology·2025
Same author

Gut microbiota shapes cancer immunotherapy responses.

NPJ biofilms and microbiomes·2025
Same author

Cost-effectiveness analysis of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer: perspectives from US and Chinese payers.

BMJ open·2025
Same author

Pancreatic Cancer: Pathogenesis and Clinical Studies.

MedComm·2025
Same author

Pan AMPK activation protects tubules in rat ischemic acute kidney injury.

The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

9.4K

Cancer vaccines: platforms and current progress.

Wanting Lei1, Kexun Zhou1, Ye Lei2

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.

Molecular Biomedicine
|January 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer vaccines, including preventive and therapeutic types, are vital for combating cancer. Innovations in vaccine platforms and strategies like neoantigen targeting show promise for improving anti-tumor immunity and patient outcomes.

Keywords:
AdjuvantsAdverse eventsCancer vaccineCombined therapiesImmune memoryMRNA vaccinesNeoantigensTumor antigensTumor microenvironment

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Magnetic Fluorescent Bead-Based Dual-Reporter Flow Analysis of PDL1-Vaxx Peptide Vaccine-Induced Antibody Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction
10:18

Author Spotlight: Magnetic Fluorescent Bead-Based Dual-Reporter Flow Analysis of PDL1-Vaxx Peptide Vaccine-Induced Antibody Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction

Published on: July 7, 2023

1.2K
Preparation, Characteristics, Toxicity, and Efficacy Evaluation of the Nasal Self-Assembled Nanoemulsion Tumor Vaccine In Vitro and In Vivo
07:33

Preparation, Characteristics, Toxicity, and Efficacy Evaluation of the Nasal Self-Assembled Nanoemulsion Tumor Vaccine In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: September 28, 2022

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

9.4K
Author Spotlight: Magnetic Fluorescent Bead-Based Dual-Reporter Flow Analysis of PDL1-Vaxx Peptide Vaccine-Induced Antibody Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction
10:18

Author Spotlight: Magnetic Fluorescent Bead-Based Dual-Reporter Flow Analysis of PDL1-Vaxx Peptide Vaccine-Induced Antibody Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction

Published on: July 7, 2023

1.2K
Preparation, Characteristics, Toxicity, and Efficacy Evaluation of the Nasal Self-Assembled Nanoemulsion Tumor Vaccine In Vitro and In Vivo
07:33

Preparation, Characteristics, Toxicity, and Efficacy Evaluation of the Nasal Self-Assembled Nanoemulsion Tumor Vaccine In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: September 28, 2022

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Cancer vaccines are key immunotherapies, categorized as preventive (e.g., HPV, HBV vaccines) and therapeutic, aiming to induce anti-tumor immunity.
  • Recent advances in platforms like mRNA, DNA, and nano-vaccines enhance antigen presentation and immune activation for cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of preventive and therapeutic cancer vaccines.
  • To analyze novel strategies including neoantigen discovery, advanced delivery platforms, and adjuvant roles.
  • To evaluate the combination of cancer vaccines with other therapies for improved outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of current research on cancer vaccine development.
  • Evaluation of various vaccine platforms (synthetic peptides, mRNA, DNA, cellular, nano-vaccines).
  • Assessment of adjuvant functions and combination therapy strategies (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors).

Main Results:

  • Preventive vaccines reduce virus-associated cancer incidence; therapeutic vaccines activate immune cells against tumors.
  • Neoantigen discovery enhances vaccine specificity, while new platforms improve antigen presentation and immune response.
  • Adjuvants and combination therapies show potential to overcome tumor-mediated immunosuppression and improve efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Cancer vaccines hold significant potential for personalized immunotherapy and improved patient outcomes.
  • Overcoming challenges like antigen identification and immunosuppressive microenvironments is crucial for advancing vaccine development.
  • Synergistic approaches combining vaccines with other treatments offer promising avenues for enhanced cancer control.