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Task Sharing in Global Cardiac Surgery: A Scoping Review.

Laura DiChiacchio1, Alejandra Castro-Varela2, Dominique Vervoort3,4

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Task sharing in cardiac surgery is limited in low-resource settings, with few studies exploring its application and outcomes. This review summarizes existing literature on task sharing for cardiac surgical care.

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Surgical Care Delivery
  • Health Workforce Development

Background:

  • Access to cardiac surgical services is severely limited in low- and middle-income countries due to a shortage of specialized providers.
  • Task shifting and task sharing enable non-specialists to perform tasks traditionally done by cardiac surgeons and anesthesiologists.
  • Task sharing has demonstrated success in improving access and maintaining outcomes in other surgical specialties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of the existing literature on task sharing in cardiac surgical care.
  • To identify and summarize the applications and outcomes of task sharing in cardiac surgery, particularly in resource-variable contexts.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive scoping review was performed following PRISMA-S guidelines.
  • Searches were conducted across major databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, WHO Global Index Medicus, and Web of Science.
  • The search strategy focused on identifying articles specifically addressing task sharing within cardiac surgical care.

Main Results:

  • Only four relevant articles were identified in the review.
  • One article detailed task sharing between senior and junior cardiac surgeons in a single-center case study.
  • Two studies examined task sharing within a team-based approach for rheumatic heart disease, and one discussed cost-effectiveness including task sharing.

Conclusions:

  • There is a significant lack of published literature on the implementation and outcomes of task sharing in cardiac surgery, especially in resource-limited settings.
  • The current evidence base is insufficient to fully understand the potential and challenges of task sharing in this field.
  • Further research is needed to explore the applications and effectiveness of task sharing for improving cardiac surgical care globally.