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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

303
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
303
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

211
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
211
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

133
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
133
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

220
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
220
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

170
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
170
Schizophrenia01:17

Schizophrenia

66
Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
66

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Updated: Jun 3, 2025

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
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Disseminated tuberculosis masquerading as a psychiatric illness-A case report.

Shalini Bhaskar1, Mimi N M Noh1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Malaysia, Asia.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
|January 10, 2025
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Disseminated tuberculosis (DTB) can present with subtle psychiatric symptoms, delaying diagnosis. This case highlights DTB affecting the brain, spine, and lungs, emphasizing the need for broad diagnostic consideration.

Keywords:
Disseminated tuberculosispsychiatricpulmonaryspinal involvements

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Disseminated tuberculosis (DTB) can affect multiple organs sequentially.
  • Initial presentation of DTB can be atypical, mimicking other conditions.
  • Psychiatric symptoms can be an early, misleading sign of DTB.

Observation:

  • An elderly patient presented with subacute behavioral changes and normal initial neurological workup.
  • Subsequent development of back pain led to the discovery of a T12 compression fracture with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • Thoracic imaging revealed lung consolidation and pleural effusion; brain imaging showed subtle meningeal enhancement.

Findings:

  • Pus from a spinal collection confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis via Ziehl-Neelsen staining.
  • The patient had elevated inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR) and increased CSF opening pressure.
  • Diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis involving CNS, spine, and lungs was established.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the diagnostic challenges posed by atypical presentations of disseminated tuberculosis.
  • Early consideration of infectious etiologies, including DTB, is crucial even with normal initial investigations.
  • Prompt diagnosis and multi-drug anti-TB treatment led to successful patient recovery.