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Author Spotlight: Enhancing Engineering Education via WebVR-Based Online Laboratories
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Self-efficacy scale for university teaching in virtual environments, SSUTVE.

Gina Chávez-Ventura1, Tania Polo-López2, Lilia Zegarra-Pereda2

  • 1Instituto y Centros de Investigación, Universidad César Vallejo, Peru.

Heliyon
|January 10, 2025
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Summary

A new scale, the Self-Efficacy Scale for University Teaching in Virtual Environments (SSUTVE), was developed to measure professors' confidence in online teaching. This scale demonstrates valid and reliable psychometric properties for virtual higher education settings.

Keywords:
Higher educationPsychometricsReliabilityTeachingValidity

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Higher Education Pedagogy
  • Educational Technology

Background:

  • Self-efficacy significantly influences performance and well-being across various human behaviors.
  • A critical gap exists in validated instruments for assessing self-efficacy specifically in university teaching within virtual environments.
  • The increasing prevalence of online education necessitates reliable tools to measure instructor confidence and competence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and psychometrically analyze the Self-Efficacy Scale for University Teaching in Virtual Environments (SSUTVE).
  • To establish a valid and reliable measure for university professors' self-efficacy in online teaching contexts.
  • To provide an instrument that can inform professional development and support for educators in virtual higher education.

Main Methods:

  • Grounded theory approach involving in-depth interviews with 31 university professors to identify key dimensions of self-efficacy in virtual teaching.
  • Expert review by 10 university professors to evaluate the clarity, relevance, and pertinence of scale items, followed by item refinement.
  • Psychometric analysis, including internal structure evaluation, with data from 554 Peruvian university professors to confirm scale validity and reliability.

Main Results:

  • The developed Self-Efficacy Scale for University Teaching in Virtual Environments (SSUTVE) comprises 33 items.
  • Factor analysis supported a nine-correlated-factor structure, encompassing both digital competence (technological skills, virtual class safety, ethical-legal aspects, guidance) and pedagogical competence (planning, didactics, group management, subject mastery, evaluation, feedback) dimensions.
  • The scale demonstrated acceptable indexes of adjustment, reliability, and construct validity for the target population.

Conclusions:

  • The SSUTVE is a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing self-efficacy in university professors teaching in virtual environments.
  • The scale provides valuable insights into professors' confidence levels across technological and pedagogical aspects of online instruction.
  • The SSUTVE can be utilized to identify training needs and enhance the quality of virtual higher education delivery.