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A Tutorial on Indicating Responses and Their Importance in Mand Training.

Sarah E Frampton1, Judah B Axe2, Caleb R Davis2,3

  • 1University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE USA.

Behavior Analysis in Practice
|January 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Teaching individuals with language delays to mand is crucial. Indicating responses (IRs) signal when to prompt mands, improving intervention effectiveness for autism spectrum disorder and related developmental delays.

Keywords:
Abolishing operationEstablishing operationIndicating responseMandMand trainingMotivating operation

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Area of Science:

  • Behavior Analysis
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Manding is a critical intervention for language delays in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and related developmental delays.
  • Effective mand training requires an establishing operation (EO), which is often difficult to observe.
  • Indicating responses (IRs) may signal an EO, preceding a mand and increasing its likelihood of success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define indicating responses (IRs) based on existing literature.
  • To provide practical, research-based guidelines for using IRs in mand training.
  • To offer tools for assessing, selecting, teaching, and replacing IRs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of terms and topographies of IRs.
  • Development of a definition for IRs.
  • Formulation of practical recommendations for clinical application.

Main Results:

  • A consistent definition of IRs is established.
  • Guidelines for practical implementation of IRs in mand training are provided.
  • Resources for decision-making and data collection related to IRs are presented.

Conclusions:

  • IRs are valuable indicators for effective mand training in individuals with language delays.
  • Standardized use of IRs can enhance the efficacy of interventions for ASD and related conditions.
  • This tutorial offers a framework for clinicians to integrate IRs into practice.