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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
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Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Proteomics01:33

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
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Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Biochemical Purification and Proteomic Characterization of Amyloid Fibril Cores from the Brain
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Proteomic Insight Into Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis Pathways.

Taekyung Ryu1,2, Kyungdo Kim1,2, Nicholas Asiimwe1,2

  • 1Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Proteomics
|January 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Proteomics reveals complex molecular pathways in Alzheimer's disease (AD), offering insights into potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for dementia. This research aids in developing precision medicine for AD interventions.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseasebiological pathwaybiomarkersmass spectrometryproteomics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a primary cause of dementia, with its underlying pathogenesis still not fully understood.
  • Proteomics has emerged as a powerful tool for dissecting the molecular complexities of neurodegenerative diseases like AD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent proteomic findings in Alzheimer's disease research.
  • To identify key molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets in AD.
  • To explore the role of proteomics in advancing precision medicine for AD.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of recent proteomic studies in AD.
  • Analysis of proteomic data from Alzheimer's disease brain tissues and biological fluids.
  • Integration of findings across various dysregulated pathways in AD.

Main Results:

  • Proteomics has identified a complex network of dysregulated pathways in AD, including amyloid metabolism, tau pathology, apolipoprotein E (APOE) function, protein degradation, neuroinflammation, RNA splicing, metabolic dysregulation, and cognitive resilience.
  • Key molecular mechanisms and potential diagnostic biomarkers have been uncovered through proteomic analyses.
  • Proteomic insights highlight novel avenues for therapeutic interventions in Alzheimer's disease.

Conclusions:

  • Proteomic research significantly deepens the understanding of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
  • The proteomic landscape of AD offers promising targets for developing effective precision medicine strategies.
  • Further proteomic investigations are crucial for advancing AD diagnostics and therapeutics.