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Radiation: Applications01:17

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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Global Climate Change01:50

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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Radiative Warming Glass for High-Latitude Cold Regions.

Zhengui Zhou1,2, Rong Liu2, Zhen Huang1

  • 1Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|January 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New radiative warming window glass designed for cold regions significantly cuts heating energy use and CO2 emissions. This advanced low-emissivity (low-e) glass achieves high solar transmittance and low thermal emissivity, outperforming commercial options for sustainable buildings.

Keywords:
energy savingshigh‐latitude regionslow‐e glassradiative warming

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Building Physics
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Traditional window glazing exhibits poor energy efficiency, causing significant heat loss.
  • Existing low-emissivity (low-e) glass is not optimized for radiative warming in cold climates.
  • High solar transmittance (Tsol) and low mid-infrared thermal emissivity (εMIR) are crucial for energy-saving windows in high-latitude regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate a near-ideal radiative warming window glass for high-latitude cold regions.
  • To address the limitations of current low-e glass technology for energy efficiency in buildings.
  • To reduce heating energy consumption and associated CO2 emissions in cold climates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Drude's theory for numerical design of a film with specific electron density (ne) and electron mobility (µe).
  • Fabricated hydrogen-doped indium oxide (IHO) thin films.
  • Performed energy-saving simulations for high-latitude climate zones (6 to 8).

Main Results:

  • Achieved high solar transmittance (Tsol = 0.836) and low mid-infrared thermal emissivity (εMIR = 0.117) with IHO.
  • Simulations showed a decrease in annual heating energy consumption by up to 6.6%.
  • Demonstrated a CO2 emission reduction of 20.0 kg m-2, outperforming 1165 commercial low-e glass products.

Conclusions:

  • The developed radiative warming glass is highly effective for sustainable building energy savings in high-latitude cold regions.
  • This technology contributes to reducing carbon footprint and advancing carbon neutrality goals.
  • Optimized optical properties of IHO films offer a promising solution for energy-efficient windows.