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The Impact of Health Insurance on Mortality.

Helen Levy¹, Thomas C Buchmueller²

¹Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;

Annual Review of Public Health

|January 10, 2025

Summary

Health insurance significantly reduces mortality, especially for middle-aged adults and children. New research provides definitive evidence that gaining health coverage leads to improved health outcomes and lower death rates over time.

Keywords:

Medicaid Medicare health insurance mortality uninsured

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Health Economics
Epidemiology

Background:

A 2008 review found limited causal evidence that health insurance improves health.
Previous research struggled to establish a definitive link due to methodological challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To re-evaluate the impact of health insurance on health outcomes.
To focus specifically on the effect of health insurance on mortality.

Main Methods:

Analysis of multiple high-quality studies published since 2008.
Utilization of new quasi-experimental variation and advanced empirical approaches.
Examination of diverse data sources and research designs.

Main Results:

Credible evidence demonstrates that health insurance coverage reduces mortality.
Effects are most pronounced in middle-aged/older adults and children.
Benefits are observed shortly after coverage acquisition and increase over time.

Conclusions:

The evidence unequivocally supports that health insurance improves health.
Health insurance coverage is a significant factor in reducing mortality.
Further research confirms the positive impact of health insurance on population health.