Immunometabolic Changes Following Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Comparative Study

Area of Science:

• Immunometabolism research
• Obesity and metabolic disease

Background:

• Severe obesity is linked to meta-inflammation and chronic-degenerative diseases.
• Immunometabolism describes the interplay between the immune system and nutrient metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify immunometabolic differences in bariatric patients.
• To correlate cellular immunity changes with metabolic improvements post-surgery.

Main Methods:

• Observational study of patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB).
• Immunometabolic profiling before and after bariatric surgery.
• Correlation analysis of immunological and metabolic variables.

Main Results:

• Bariatric surgery induced changes in cellular immunity, including decreased effector T lymphocytes (CD8+CD28-) and increased B lymphocytes, memory helper T cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
• Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) demonstrated superior clinical and metabolic improvements compared to LSG.
• Women undergoing LRYGB experienced a greater reduction in fat-free mass than those undergoing LSG.

Conclusions:

• Bariatric surgery, particularly LRYGB, induces significant immunometabolic alterations.
• Surgical intervention effectively improves obesity-associated medical conditions.