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Real-Time Impedance-based Cell Analyzer as a Tool to Delineate Molecular Pathways Involved in Neurotoxicity and Neuroprotection in a Neuronal Cell Line
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Artemisinin Stimulates Neuronal Cell Viability and Possess a Neuroprotective Effect In Vitro.

Sergey A Pukhov1,2, Alexey V Semakov1, Nadezhda E Pukaeva1,2

  • 1Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Artemisinin, derived from Artemisia annua L., shows neuroprotective effects by stimulating neuronal cell viability and inhibiting protein aggregation. Its intact lactone ring is crucial for these beneficial properties in neurodegenerative conditions.

Keywords:
ER stressaggregationartemisininneurodegenerationneuroprotectionsesquiterpene lactone

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience
  • Natural Products Chemistry

Background:

  • Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone from Artemisia annua L., is known for antimalarial properties.
  • Emerging evidence suggests artemisinin possesses neuroprotective potential.
  • Derivatives of artemisinin have shown diverse biological activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of artemisinin on neuronal-like cells.
  • To investigate the role of the artemisinin lactone ring in its biological activity.
  • To explore artemisinin's mechanisms against neurodegenerative pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Assessing cell viability of SH-SY5Y, HEK-293, and primary hippocampal neurons treated with artemisinin and its derivatives.
  • Evaluating artemisinin's protective effects against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress.
  • Analyzing artemisinin's impact on mutated TDP-43 protein aggregation in transfected cells.

Main Results:

  • Artemisinin stimulated SH-SY5Y and HEK-293 cell viability and enhanced primary neuron survival at 1 µM.
  • Artemisinin derivatives lacking an intact lactone ring did not show similar stimulatory effects.
  • Artemisinin protected against ER stress but not oxidative stress and inhibited TDP-43 aggregation.

Conclusions:

  • The intact lactone ring of artemisinin is essential for its neuronal stimulatory effects.
  • Artemisinin demonstrates neuroprotective potential by mitigating ER stress and inhibiting toxic protein aggregation.
  • Artemisinin offers therapeutic insights for neurodegenerative diseases by targeting key molecular pathways.