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Association of Serum Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) and Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DIITM) with

Daiva Gorczyca1, Karolina Szeremeta2,3, Mariola Paściak4

  • 1Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin zu Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.

Nutrients
|January 11, 2025
PubMed

Insights

A pro-inflammatory diet and higher serum polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are linked to recurrent respiratory infections (RRIs) in children. Promoting breastfeeding and healthy eating habits can help prevent RRIs.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Immunology
  • Pediatric Respiratory Health
  • Dietary Inflammatory Index

Background:

  • Recurrent respiratory infections (RRIs) are a significant health concern in children.
  • Dietary factors, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and overall diet inflammatory potential, are increasingly recognized for their role in immune function and infection susceptibility.
  • The Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII™) provides a quantitative measure of the inflammatory potential of an individual's diet.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between serum and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).
  • To examine the relationship between the Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII™) and recurrent respiratory infections (RRIs) in children.
  • To identify dietary and non-dietary risk factors for RRIs in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Case-control study involving 44 children with RRIs and 44 healthy controls (aged 3-16 years).
  • Dietary intake assessed via a 7-day food record to calculate PUFA intake and C-DII™.
  • Serum PUFA levels measured using gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Main Results:

  • Children with RRIs exhibited lower fiber intake and a higher dietary inflammatory potential (C-DII™) compared to controls.
  • Elevated serum levels of linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid were observed in children with RRIs.
  • A pro-inflammatory diet correlated positively with serum n-6 PUFA levels. High C-DII™, BMI above the 75th percentile, and short breastfeeding duration were identified as RRI risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • The inflammatory potential of diet is significantly associated with RRIs in children and is related to their PUFA status.
  • Dietary strategies aimed at reducing inflammation and increasing intake of beneficial fatty acids may help prevent RRIs.
  • Promoting breastfeeding and healthy dietary habits are crucial for effective RRI prevention strategies in childhood.

Keywords:
childrenchildren’s dietary inflammatory indexdietpolyunsaturated fatty acidsrecurrent respiratory infections

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