Hormonal Function of Undescended Testes Before Orchidopexy in Prepubertal Boys

Background/Objectives: The hormonal aspect of undescended testes (UDTs) in prepubertal boys, i.e., after mini-puberty, is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hormonal function of UDTs before orchidopexy in prepubertal boys and its correlation with testicular parameters. Methods: The study included 90 prepubertal boys (0.9-8.8 years) with UDTs and 57 age-matched boys with testes in the scrotum (control). The testicular volume (TV), testicular atrophy index (TAI), and testicular growth potential (TGP) of the UDTs were assessed before orchidopexy and 18-24 months after. The analysis included FSH, LH, T, DHT, E2, Inh B, INSL3, and AMH levels. Results: The UDT group demonstrated a significantly higher FSH level and lower Inh B/FSH ratio than controls. Boys with UDTs aged under six years exhibited significantly higher FSH and LH levels and lower Inh B/FSH and T/LH ratios. The TV level of descended and undescended testes, both before and after surgery, was significantly positively related to T and DHT levels, but negatively with Inh B, INSL3 levels, Inh B/AMH, and Inh B/FSH. Conclusions: Hormonal evaluation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axis and Sertoli and Leydig cell function in prepubertal boys (after mini-puberty) may predict the further development and function of UDTs and may serve as a diagnostic tool in testicular descent disorder.