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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Published on: July 19, 2017

Gender Differences in the Association Between Anxiety and Interoceptive Insight.

Olivia K Harrison^1,2,3, Laura Köchli³, Stephanie Marino³

¹Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

The European Journal of Neuroscience

|January 13, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Anxiety is linked to altered bodily perception (interoception). This study found state anxiety reduced metacognitive bias in all, but impaired interoceptive insight specifically in women, suggesting targeted treatments.

Keywords:

breathing computational psychiatry insight interoception metacognition

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The Successive Alleys Test of Anxiety in Mice and Rats

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Published on: June 17, 2013

Area of Science:

Psychology
Neuroscience
Mental Health

Background:

Anxiety disorders are prevalent, particularly in women, and linked to interoception (perception of internal bodily states).
Gender differences in the association between anxiety and interoception are under-researched.
Interoception involves sensitivity, decision bias, and metacognitive processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate gender-specific relationships between state anxiety and interoception in the breathing domain.
To examine how anxiety relates to interoceptive sensitivity, decision bias, metacognitive bias, and metacognitive insight.
To identify potential sex differences in these associations.

Main Methods:

Utilized multicentre data from 175 participants (51% women).
Assessed state anxiety using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.
Measured breathing-related interoception using an inspiratory load task to evaluate sensitivity, decision bias, metacognitive bias, and metacognitive insight.

Main Results:

State anxiety was negatively associated with metacognitive bias and insight across all participants.
No significant relationship was found between state anxiety and interoceptive sensitivity or decision bias.
The negative association between state anxiety and interoceptive insight was significant in women but not in men, indicating a gender-specific effect.

Conclusions:

State anxiety is associated with reduced metacognitive bias in interoception for everyone.
Decreased interoceptive insight is specifically linked to anxiety in women.
Interventions targeting interoceptive metacognitive bias may benefit all anxiety patients, while insight-focused interventions could be particularly valuable for women with anxiety.