Central Downregulation of S-Resistin Alleviates Inflammation in EWAT and Liver and Prevents Adipocyte Hypertrophy

The hypothalamus integrates peripheral signals and modulates food intake and energy expenditure by regulating the metabolic function of peripheral tissues, including the liver and adipose tissue. In a previous study, we demonstrated that s-resistin, an intracellular resistin isoform highly expressed in the hypothalamus and upregulated during aging, is important in the central control of energy homeostasis, affecting mainly the peripheral response to insulin by still unknown mechanisms. Herein, using an intracerebroventricular injection of a specific lentiviral RNAi against s-resistin, we assessed, in the Wistar rat, the effects of central s-resistin downregulation on the expression and phosphorylation levels of intermediates involved in insulin signaling and the inflammatory response in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and liver. Additionally, we studied the imbalance of eWAT hypertrophy/hyperplasia remodeling. Our results indicate that central downregulation of s-resistin regulates insulin signaling cascade in a tissue-specific manner, reduces the inflammatory status both in the liver and eWAT, and prevents eWAT hypertrophy. Taken together, our results highlight the pivotal role of central s-resistin in maintaining metabolic homeostasis in AT and the liver. This suggests a direct association between its function and the modulation of the inflammatory response in these tissues.