Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

56.0K
Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
56.0K
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

20.9K
Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
20.9K
Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing01:36

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

5.2K
5.2K
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

52.6K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
52.6K
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

9.2K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
9.2K
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

10.5K
The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
10.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Disruption of the mRNA m6A writer complex triggers autoimmunity in Arabidopsis.

PLoS genetics·2025
Same author

De novo variants in the RNU4-2 snRNA cause a frequent neurodevelopmental syndrome.

Nature·2024
Same author

Monovalent metal ion binding promotes the first transesterification reaction in the spliceosome.

Nature communications·2023
Same author

Inter-species association mapping links splice site evolution to METTL16 and SNRNP27K.

eLife·2023
Same author

m<sup>6</sup>A modification of U6 snRNA modulates usage of two major classes of pre-mRNA 5' splice site.

eLife·2022
Same author

Widespread premature transcription termination of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> NLR genes by the spen protein FPA.

eLife·2021
Same journal

Deep learning in tumour genomics: from multi-omics integration to precision oncology.

Open biology·2026
Same journal

Understanding GnRH: local systems, signalling mechanisms and implications in female health.

Open biology·2026
Same journal

The evolution and functional significance of neuropeptide cocktails: insights from SALMFamides in asteroid echinoderms.

Open biology·2026
Same journal

Structural basis of Drosophila insulin receptor activation by DILP2 hormone.

Open biology·2026
Same journal

Parental rearing shapes brain functional networks and socio-sexual behaviours in the prairie vole.

Open biology·2026
Same journal

The periosteum as an endocrine organ: historical foundations and new insights.

Open biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2025

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency
08:53

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

Published on: September 15, 2021

2.7K

RNA splicing: a split consensus reveals two major 5' splice site classes.

Matthew T Parker1, Sebastian M Fica2, Gordon G Simpson3

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research , Cologne, Germany.

Open Biology
|January 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human 5' splice sites have two distinct classes based on RNA interactions, impacting gene splicing. Understanding these classes aids in comprehending genome architecture and treating splicing-related diseases.

Keywords:
METTL16ReNU syndromeSNRNP27KT-loopm6Asplicing

More Related Videos

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
10:25

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Published on: April 22, 2021

4.8K
Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
11:34

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

Published on: August 9, 2019

6.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2025

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency
08:53

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

Published on: September 15, 2021

2.7K
Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
10:25

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Published on: April 22, 2021

4.8K
Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
11:34

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

Published on: August 9, 2019

6.6K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • The standard human 5' splice site sequence conceals two distinct classes.
  • These classes exhibit different base-pairing potentials with U5 snRNA loop 1 and U6 snRNA ACAGA box.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate and characterize the two major human 5' splice site classes.
  • To explore the implications of these classes for splicing commitment and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of human genome sequences.
  • Investigation of genotype-specific splicing variations.
  • Examination of splice site transfer dynamics to U6 snRNA.

Main Results:

  • Two major 5' splice site classes were identified, separable in genomic sequences.
  • These classes are linked to specific genotypes and increased splicing complexity.
  • Splice site commitment to U6 snRNA usage is primarily determined during this transfer.

Conclusions:

  • The human 5' splice site consensus comprises two distinct functional groups.
  • This classification offers insights into eukaryote genome organization and splicing.
  • Findings can inform therapeutic strategies for genetic disorders affecting splicing.