3D Printing as an Aid in Acetabular Defects Compared to Established Diagnostics - a Survey

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Medical Imaging
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Acetabular defects in revision hip arthroplasty pose a significant challenge for accurate assessment and preoperative planning.
• Existing classification systems (e.g., Paprosky, Acetabular Dysplasia Classification [ADC]) aid in surgical strategy but can be complex to interpret.
• Advanced visualization tools are needed to improve understanding of complex acetabular anatomy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy of 3D printing in classifying acetabular defects compared to traditional imaging methods.
• To enhance the understanding of complex acetabular defects among healthcare professionals, particularly resident physicians.
• To improve preoperative planning accuracy and patient safety in revision hip arthroplasty.

Main Methods:

• A study conducted at the 2022 BOUT congress involved 14 participants (mostly resident physicians) classifying acetabular defects.
• Participants used X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, and 3D printed models.
• Classification was performed using the Paprosky and ADC systems, followed by a questionnaire on familiarity and perceived usefulness of 3D models.

Main Results:

• 3D printing models yielded the highest rate of correct acetabular defect classifications.
• Participants rated 3D models as more useful than X-ray and CT imaging for classification.
• The study demonstrated increased accuracy in classifying acetabular defects through the use of 3D models.

Conclusions:

• Three-dimensional printing models enhance the accuracy of acetabular defect classification in revision hip arthroplasty.
• 3D printing offers significant advantages for education and preoperative planning in orthopedic and trauma surgery.
• This technology improves understanding and surgical management of complex acetabular defects, ultimately benefiting patient outcomes.