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Experimental bilayer zirconia systems after aging: Mechanical, optical, and microstructural characterization.

Edisa O Sousa1, Larissa M M Alves2, Tiago M B Campos3

  • 1Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil.

Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials
|January 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Experimental zirconia bilayer materials showed lower mechanical properties than monolithic controls but met strength requirements for many dental prostheses. Hydrothermal aging improved strength in most groups, with some bilayer and monolithic options suitable for longer-span fixed dental prostheses.

Keywords:
Dental materialsMechanical propertiesMultilayersOptical propertiesPhases quantificationZirconia

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Dental Ceramics

Background:

  • Zirconia-based ceramics are widely used in dentistry due to their mechanical properties.
  • Investigating bilayer zirconia structures offers potential for improved material performance.
  • Understanding the effects of hydrothermal aging is crucial for long-term clinical success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize experimental zirconia bilayer materials.
  • To compare their properties to monolithic zirconia controls.
  • To evaluate the impact of hydrothermal aging on material performance.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of two bilayer zirconia materials (3Y-TZP+5Y-PSZ and 4Y-PSZ+5Y-PSZ) and monolithic controls.
  • Sintering at 1550°C followed by hydrothermal aging (134°C, 20h).
  • Characterization using SEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, reflectance, and biaxial flexural strength testing (ISO 6872).

Main Results:

  • Degradation and monoclinic phase observed in aged 3Y-TZP and 4Y-PSZ.
  • Bilayer materials exhibited intermediate strength compared to controls.
  • Hydrothermal aging increased strength in most groups, with variations observed.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental bilayer zirconia showed lower mechanical properties than monolithic controls.
  • Both bilayer and monolithic materials met ISO 6872 standards for various dental prostheses.
  • Specific materials, including monolithic 3Y-TZP, 4Y-PSZ, and bilayer 3Y+5Y, met higher strength requirements for longer fixed dental prostheses.