Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Structure and Bonding of Alkenes02:47

Structure and Bonding of Alkenes

15.9K
Olefins, which are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing one or more carbon–carbon double bonds, are broadly divided into alkenes and cycloalkenes. The general chemical formula of an alkene is CnH2n.
Doubly bonded carbons are sp2 hybridized and have a trigonal planar geometry. The double bond is composed of a σ bond formed by the overlap of hybrid orbitals and a π bond produced by the lateral overlap of unhybridized 2p orbitals on both the carbons. Each carbon atom is...
15.9K
Degree of Unsaturation02:05

Degree of Unsaturation

7.5K
The degree of unsaturation (U), or index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD), is defined as the difference in the number of pairs of hydrogen atoms between the compound and the acyclic alkane with the same number of carbon atoms. Each double bond or ring costs two hydrogen atoms compared to a saturated analog and results in one degree of unsaturation.
The degree of unsaturation for hydrocarbons is U = (2C + 2 − H) / 2, where C is the number of carbon atoms and H is the number of hydrogen atoms.
7.5K
Cycloalkanes02:28

Cycloalkanes

12.1K
Cycloalkanes are saturated cyclic hydrocarbons with carbon atoms arranged in the form of rings. They have two fewer hydrogen atoms than the corresponding acyclic alkane; therefore, their general formula is CnH2n. The structural formulas of cycloalkanes are simplified using the line-angle representation. The regular polygons are used to represent the cycloalkane rings, with each side representing a carbon-carbon bond.
The IUPAC nomenclature of cycloalkanes follows similar rules that apply to...
12.1K
Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation02:38

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation

8.1K
Introduction
Halogenation is another class of electrophilic addition reactions where a halogen molecule gets added across a π bond. In alkynes, the presence of two π bonds allows for the addition of two equivalents of halogens (bromine or chlorine). The addition of the first halogen molecule forms a trans-dihaloalkene as the major product and the cis isomer as the minor product. Subsequent addition of the second equivalent yields the tetrahalide.
8.1K
Nomenclature of Alkenes02:29

Nomenclature of Alkenes

11.7K
The IUPAC naming system for alkenes replaces -an- with -en- in the corresponding parent alkanes. Accordingly, a simple alkene replaces the -ane suffix of the alkane with -ene.
As per the IUPAC rules, the longest carbon chain containing the maximum number of double bonds is identified as the parent chain and is numbered such that the doubly bonded carbon atoms receive the lowest possible numbers. The location of the double bond is indicated by the number of its first carbon atom. In branched...
11.7K
Isomerism in Alkenes02:01

Isomerism in Alkenes

11.5K
Alkenes like 1-butene and 2-butene exhibit constitutional isomerism, as they differ in the position of the double bond. Further, 2-butene exhibits stereoisomerism and exists as two distinct compounds differing in spatial arrangement.
An isomer is called cis-2-butene when the methyl groups are on the same side of the double bond, and the other stereoisomer, in which methyl groups are on the opposite side of the double bond, is called trans-2-butene. The cis and trans stereoisomers are not...
11.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cytotoxic indole diterpenoids from the fungus Aspergillus pseudonomius: isolation, structural elucidation, and biological evaluation.

Bioorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Direct Deaminative Alkynylation of Aliphatic Primary Amines.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Cardiomyocyte-derived USP20 mitigates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through deubiquitinating GRP78.

Theranostics·2026
Same author

Saturated alginate oligosaccharide as a new functional food: preparation, characterization and alleviation of cognitive impairment through pre-intervention.

Food & function·2026
Same author

A Safe Approach to meta-Fluorinated Pyridines.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Discovery, synthesis, and anti-cancer activity of N-CF<sub>3</sub>-benzimidazoles.

Molecular diversity·2026
Same journal

Machine-Learning-Enabled Rapid Evolution of Photoenzymes for the Asymmetric Synthesis of gem-Difluorophosphonates.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Sequential H<sub>2</sub>S-Triggered Redox Relay Nanoprobes for Self-Sustained Chem-Illuminating Cascade Photodynamic Therapy.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Quantitative Active Hydrogen Modulation via Mastering Interfacial Water Over Single Rare Earth Atom on Copper for NO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup>-to-NH<sub>3</sub> Electroreduction.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Unveiling the Role of Hydroxyls on Catalyst Surface in CO<sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation Reaction.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Strain-Release Pentafluorosulfanylation of Carbonyl-Containing Disubstituted Bicyclobutanes: A Fortuitous Path to SF<sub>5</sub>-Containing Oxa[2.1.1]bicyclohexanes.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Quantum Spin-1/2 Rings Built From [2]Triangulene Molecular Units.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2025

Efficient Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Benzenes in Water via Persulfate-promoted Benzannulation of &#945;,&#946;-Unsaturated Compounds and Alkynes
05:34

Efficient Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Benzenes in Water via Persulfate-promoted Benzannulation of α,β-Unsaturated Compounds and Alkynes

Published on: December 16, 2019

7.8K

Saturated F2-Rings from Alkenes.

Yin Li1, Xiao-Bin Liu1, Vadym Sham2,3

  • 1Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|January 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new method converts simple exocyclic alkenes into saturated F2-rings using a specific iodine reagent. This efficient process is scalable from milligram to multigram quantities.

Keywords:
alkenedrug modificationfluorinenatural productring-expansion

More Related Videos

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.2K
Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
06:46

Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

Published on: June 21, 2017

7.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2025

Efficient Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Benzenes in Water via Persulfate-promoted Benzannulation of &#945;,&#946;-Unsaturated Compounds and Alkynes
05:34

Efficient Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Benzenes in Water via Persulfate-promoted Benzannulation of α,β-Unsaturated Compounds and Alkynes

Published on: December 16, 2019

7.8K
Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.2K
Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
06:46

Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

Published on: June 21, 2017

7.3K

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Fluorine Chemistry

Background:

  • Exocyclic alkenes are common structural motifs in organic molecules.
  • Introducing fluorine atoms into organic molecules can significantly alter their properties.
  • Developing efficient methods for selective fluorination is crucial in synthetic chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general and efficient method for the synthesis of saturated F2-rings.
  • To explore the utility of a novel iodine-based reagent for fluorination reactions.

Main Methods:

  • The study developed a new synthetic route involving the reagent C6F5I(OAc)2.
  • The method focuses on the conversion of simple exocyclic alkenes.
  • Reaction conditions were optimized for efficiency and scalability.

Main Results:

  • A general method for converting exocyclic alkenes into saturated F2-rings was successfully developed.
  • The reaction demonstrated high efficiency across various scales, including milligram, gram, and multigram amounts.
  • The reagent C6F5I(OAc)2 proved effective for this transformation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides a valuable tool for synthesizing saturated F2-rings.
  • The reagent C6F5I(OAc)2 offers a practical approach for selective difluorination.
  • The scalability of the reaction makes it suitable for both laboratory research and potential industrial applications.