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How Delphi studies in the health sciences find consensus: a scoping review.

Julia Schifano1, Marlen Niederberger2

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|January 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Delphi studies in health sciences lack methodological reporting, hindering comparability. This review identifies gaps and offers recommendations for quality-assured Delphi study implementation to improve research reliability.

Keywords:
AgreementBiasConductingExpert surveyHealthReporting

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Area of Science:

  • Health Sciences Research
  • Consensus Methodology
  • Healthcare Policy and Practice

Background:

  • Delphi studies are crucial in health sciences for achieving consensus, influencing healthcare practices and structures.
  • Methodological and systematic documentation of how Delphi studies are conducted is often lacking.
  • This scoping review addresses this research gap by analyzing methodological presentations in the literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of consensus Delphi studies in health sciences.
  • To identify shortcomings in the methodological reporting of Delphi studies.
  • To derive recommendations for quality-assured implementation of Delphi studies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of consensus Delphi studies in health sciences (Jan 2018 - Apr 2021).
  • Databases searched: Scopus, MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, Epistemonikos.
  • Analysis of practical research aspects: expert panel, questionnaire design, and process/feedback design.

Main Results:

  • 287 consensus Delphi studies were included; 43% used a modified Delphi approach.
  • Expert panels often included diverse professionals; patients were included in ~25% of studies.
  • Methodological reporting issues include: 62% did not report analysis methods for open-ended questions; 81% defined consensus as percentage agreement.

Conclusions:

  • Significant variations in Delphi study execution complicate assessments and comparisons.
  • Methodological inconsistencies can lead to unintended effects and biases in study results.
  • Recommendations are provided to enhance comparability and quality assurance in Delphi studies.