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Comparative Performance of the Leading Large Language Models in Answering Complex Rhinoplasty Consultation Questions.

Khodayar Goshtasbi1,2, Corliss Best3, Bethany Powers4

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Claude and ChatGPT demonstrated superior knowledge in rhinoplasty consultations compared to other large language models (LLMs). Plastic surgeons rated Claude highest for answering complex questions, followed by ChatGPT.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Artificial Intelligence
  • Natural Language Processing in Healthcare
  • Surgical Consultation Platforms

Background:

  • Large language models (LLMs) show potential for medical discussions but lack comparative analysis in specialized fields like rhinoplasty.
  • Assessing the accuracy and quality of LLM responses in complex medical scenarios is crucial for their safe application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the performance of leading large language models (LLMs) in responding to complex rhinoplasty consultation questions.
  • To determine which LLM provides the most accurate and informative answers as judged by expert plastic surgeons.

Main Methods:

  • Ten open-ended rhinoplasty questions were posed to four LLMs: ChatGPT-4o, Google Gemini, Claude, and Meta-AI.
  • Responses were anonymized, randomized, and ranked by seven plastic surgeons specializing in rhinoplasty.
  • Readability metrics, including Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) and Flesch-Kincaid Grade (FKG), were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Claude achieved the highest overall score, ranking as the best model for seven out of ten questions.
  • ChatGPT-4o followed, providing the best answers for three questions and achieving the second-highest overall score.
  • Meta-AI and Google Gemini performed similarly, with Meta-AI showing significantly lower readability scores (FKG and FRE) than Claude and ChatGPT.

Conclusions:

  • Claude demonstrated superior performance in answering complex rhinoplasty consultation questions, according to expert surgeon evaluations.
  • ChatGPT-4o also showed strong performance, outperforming Meta-AI and Google Gemini.
  • Further research is recommended to track the evolving capabilities of LLMs in specialized medical domains.