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The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Glioblastoma Relapse Post-Resection Model for Therapeutic Hydrogel Investigations

Glioblastoma Relapse Post-Resection Model for Therapeutic Hydrogel Investigations

Published on: February 24, 2023

Emerging nanoplatforms towards microenvironment-responsive glioma therapy.

Nigam Sekhar Tripathy¹, Liza Sahoo¹, Safal Paikray¹

¹School of Biotechnology, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India.

Medical Oncology (Northwood, London, England)

|January 15, 2025

Summary

Nanotechnology offers new ways to diagnose and treat aggressive brain tumors called gliomas. Multifunctional nanoplatforms show promise for improving patient survival and clinical outcomes in glioma treatment.

Keywords:

Glioma Photodynamic therapy Photothermal therapy Reactive oxygen species Sonodynamic therapy Tumor microenvironment

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Published on: September 27, 2024

Area of Science:

Neuro-oncology
Nanomedicine
Biotechnology

Background:

Gliomas are aggressive central nervous system tumors with poor prognosis and high recurrence rates.
Accurate imaging and grading of gliomas are challenging due to tumor heterogeneity and the blood-brain barrier.
Traditional therapies like radiation, surgery, and chemotherapy have limitations in treating gliomas effectively.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in multifunctional nanoplatforms for glioma diagnosis and treatment.
To highlight the potential of nanotechnology in overcoming challenges associated with glioma management.
To discuss novel nanotherapeutic approaches for improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

Review of recent scientific literature on nanotechnology applications in glioma research.
Analysis of multifunctional nanoplatforms for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Focus on nanoplatforms for sonodynamic, photodynamic, and photothermal therapies.

Main Results:

Nanotechnology provides innovative strategies for glioma diagnosis and treatment.
Microenvironment-responsive nanoplatforms enhance therapeutic efficacy.
Novel nanotherapeutic platforms show potential for improved patient survival and clinical control.

Conclusions:

Multifunctional nanoplatforms represent a promising frontier in glioma management.
Nanotechnology-based therapies offer new avenues for overcoming treatment challenges.
Further development of nanoplatforms is crucial for advancing glioma care and patient outcomes.