Dietary and Nutritional Aspects of Metabolic Syndrome Management: An Overview

Sedentary lifestyles and prolonged physical inactivity are often linked to poor mental and physical health as well as an increased risk of a number of chronic illnesses, including cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular problems. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), as the new disease, has emerged as the world's leading cause of illness. Despite having its roots in the West, this issue has now completely globalized due to the development of the Western way of life throughout the world. It currently affects almost one-fifth of the American and European populations, and its incidence has increased in Southeast Asian nations as well. Comparing patients with metabolic syndrome to the general population, it is estimated that they have a 5-fold greater risk of diabetes mellitus and a 2-fold increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular illnesses. MetS is a chronic or prevalent condition associated with various lifestyle conditions characterized by abdominal obesity, low HDL-c cholesterol, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. It has been suggested that insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and neurohormonal activation are the factors behind the development of metabolic syndrome. In lieu of an upsurge in the complications associated with MetS in modern society, many alternative approaches apart from medicine are being constantly explored. Effects of vivid dietary patterns and nutritional interventions have been thoroughly researched, although the most effective dietary approach remains undetermined. This review discussed different etiological aspects of MetS and brought forth the role of nutritional approaches, micro- and macronutrient intake, lifestyle changes, and herbal intervention in its management.