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Beyond inclusion: Why research on encounter needs a feminist account of freedom

Stacy Clifford Simplican¹

¹The Department of Gender and Sexuality Studies, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.

Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability

|January 17, 2025

Abstract

Background:

Though the concept of encounter promises to move the field of social inclusion beyond the dichotomy of presence and participation, new work in political theory pushes encounter in a different direction, making freedom - not inclusion - the central value at stake.

Methods:

Interpretative video analysis was conducted on an online learning program "Supporting Inclusion" developed to help support workers recognise and facilitate encounters between people with intellectual disabilities and community members.

Findings:

Using the lens of freedom in the encounter offers an alternative framing of the significance and meaning of the online learning program's social interactions.

Conclusions:

Feminist theory can help show how unfreedom is a central problem facing people with intellectual disabilities, recasting encounter through the lens of freedom can help spark fresh insight into what makes encounter important.

Keywords:

Social inclusion encounter feminist theory freedom intellectual disability supports

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