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Eczema Herpeticum: A Fatal Rash That Mimics Many
Amanda Ricke1, Kristi Pond1, Peter Paul Lim2,3
1University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine.
Summary
Eczema herpeticum (EH) is a severe herpes simplex virus infection in infants with atopic dermatitis (AD). Early recognition and treatment of EH in AD patients are crucial to prevent life-threatening complications.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Disease
- Dermatology
- Virology
Background:
- Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition.
- AD pathophysiology increases susceptibility to infections.
- Eczema herpeticum (EH) is a severe complication of AD.
Observation:
- A 5-month-old infant with poorly controlled AD presented with a generalized rash.
- The infant was diagnosed with EH and superimposed Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) cellulitis.
- This presentation highlights diagnostic challenges in pediatric AD patients.
Findings:
- Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes most EH cases.
- EH can lead to systemic complications including meningitis, encephalitis, and hepatitis.
- Delayed diagnosis of EH in AD patients can have severe consequences.
Implications:
- Emphasizes the need for high clinical suspicion for EH in AD patients with complicated rashes.
- Highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment of EH.
- Underscores the potential for severe outcomes if EH is misdiagnosed or treatment is delayed.
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