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Recovery from pulmonary oxygen toxicity: a new (ESOT) model.

Jan Risberg¹, Pieter-Jan van Ooij², Lyubisa Mátity³

¹NUI, Bergen, Norway.

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|January 17, 2025

Summary

The Equivalent Surface Oxygen Time (ESOT) metric offers improved prediction of pulmonary oxygen toxicity (POT) and its recovery compared to the K metric. New ESOT models better estimate POT during intermittent and continuous hyperoxic exposures, informing safer diving practices.

Keywords:

health surveillance lung function models occupational diving occupational health pulmonary function

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Area of Science:

Physiology
Diving Medicine
Toxicology

Background:

Pulmonary oxygen toxicity (POT) is a risk in hyperoxic environments.
The K metric, based on Vital Capacity (VC) changes, predicts POT.
The Equivalent Surface Oxygen Time (ESOT) metric previously showed comparable POT estimation accuracy to K.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and model pulmonary oxygen toxicity (POT) recovery.
To develop improved predictive models for POT during continuous and intermittent hyperoxic exposures.
To establish safer hyperoxic exposure limits for surface-oriented diving.

Main Methods:

Trained parameters for a new ESOT recovery model using previous study results.
Developed an ESOT recovery formula: ESOTrec = ESOT_I · e^-f, where f=0.439 · t · 0.906^t_exp.
Formulated an ESOT function for intermittent exposures: ESOT(n)=(n · a · ln(b · n+1)+c) · t_exp · pO₂^2.285.

Main Results:

The ESOT models provide more accurate POT predictions than the K metric, especially for intermittent exposures.
The K metric overestimates POT during intermittent exposures and predicts unrealistically slow recovery after low pO₂ exposure.
New ESOT-based exposure limits are proposed for surface-oriented diving: ESOT=660 (1 day), 500 (5 days), and 450 (7 days), with a 48-hour recovery period.

Conclusions:

The ESOT metric and its associated models offer superior prediction of POT development and recovery compared to the K metric.
The proposed ESOT limits and recovery guidelines enhance safety recommendations for hyperoxic exposures in diving.
Further research may allow for relaxed limits during intermittent exposures based on the ESOT model.