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Cinnamaldehyde reduces inflammatory responses in chronic rhinosinusitis by inhibiting TRPM8 expression
Yi Cai1, Mingjian Xie1, Zhoumu Fang1
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jinhua People's Hospital Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China.
Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the effects of cinnamaldehyde (CA) intervention on transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) expression in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) and mouse models of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and determine the alleviating effects of CA on CRS.
Methods:
HNECs were treated with CA, and the protein levels and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely, interleukin-25 (IL-25), IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). TRPM8 expression levels were examined by RT-PCR and western blot. The C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups (control group, model group, CA group). The model and CA groups were induced by intranasal drip intervention of ovalbumin (OVA) three times a week for 9 weeks. Each mouse was individually observed in a single cage to record the frequency of nose scratching and sneezing within 10 minutes. Histologic examination of nasal mucosa in mice was done using hematoxylin-eosin staining to compare the degree of inflammation. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and TRPM8 expression levels were measured in mouse nasal lavage fluid.
Results:
In vitro experiments demonstrated that CA intervention in HNECs significantly reduced the protein and mRNA of IL-25, IL-33, TSLP, and TRPM8. In vivo analysis showed that the CA group exhibited fewer nose scratching and sneezing symptoms and reduced nasal mucosal inflammation as well as lower levels of IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP in nasal lavage fluid and tissues than the model group.
Insights
Cinnamaldehyde (CA) reduces inflammation and transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) expression in human nasal cells and mouse models of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This suggests CA may alleviate CRS symptoms.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Otorhinolaryngology
Background:
- Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent inflammatory condition of the nasal passages.
- Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-25, IL-33, TSLP) are implicated in CRS pathogenesis.
- Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is a natural compound with potential anti-inflammatory properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of cinnamaldehyde (CA) on transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) expression in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs).
- To evaluate the therapeutic potential of CA in a mouse model of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
Main Methods:
- HNECs were treated with CA, and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-25, IL-33, TSLP) and TRPM8 were measured.
- A mouse model of CRS was established using ovalbumin (OVA) induction.
- Mice were treated with CA, and outcomes including symptom frequency, nasal inflammation, cytokine levels, and TRPM8 expression were assessed.
Main Results:
- CA treatment significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine and TRPM8 expression in HNECs.
- CA-treated mice showed reduced sneezing and nose scratching compared to controls.
- Histological analysis revealed decreased nasal mucosal inflammation and lower pro-inflammatory cytokine and TRPM8 levels in CA-treated mice.
Conclusions:
- Cinnamaldehyde effectively downregulates TRPM8 expression and pro-inflammatory cytokines in HNECs.
- CA demonstrates significant therapeutic effects in alleviating CRS symptoms and inflammation in a mouse model.
- CA holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for managing chronic rhinosinusitis.
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