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Seizures: Classification

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Published on: August 5, 2014

Seizure network characterization by functional connectivity mapping and manipulation.

James E Niemeyer¹, Peijuan Luo², Carmen Pons^1,3

¹Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, New York, United States.

|January 17, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method to study how seizures spread in the brain. This approach combines imaging and stimulation to understand brain networks and may lead to new treatments for drug-resistant epilepsy.

Keywords:

bilateral seizure propagation epilepsy network extra-focal targeting mesoscale imaging seizure models

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Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

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Published on: August 5, 2014

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

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Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Published on: December 18, 2016

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Systems Neuroscience
Epilepsy Research

Background:

Epilepsy affects many patients, with a significant portion experiencing drug-resistant seizures despite available medications.
Current treatment options for drug-resistant epilepsy are limited, often involving invasive surgery with uncertain outcomes.
Understanding the complex biology of seizures and brain network dynamics is crucial for developing novel therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an experimental paradigm for investigating how brain networks influence seizure propagation.
To utilize anatomical network information, functional connectivity, and in vivo seizure models.
To determine the impact of brain network manipulation on seizure spread.

Main Methods:

Applied widefield calcium imaging to track neural activity and seizure spread in vivo.
Used in vivo microstimulation to induce controlled neural activation in specific cortical regions.
Compared microstimulation-induced activity patterns with pharmacologically induced seizures.
Performed node ablation within a bilateral network to assess effects on seizure propagation.
Investigated preliminary data from a chronic seizure model.

Main Results:

Microstimulation of the somatosensory cortex led to reproducible, sequential node recruitment across the bilateral network.
Seizures propagated following the same network pathways identified by microstimulation, suggesting pathway hijacking.
Ablation of a key node in the secondary motor cortex altered contralateral seizure spread.
Early data from a chronic seizure model were presented.

Conclusions:

Demonstrated a paradigm combining imaging, stimulation, and ablation to map cortical seizure propagation based on anatomical networks.
The paradigm can be extended to study epileptogenesis and network dynamics in various brain regions and disorders.
Proof-of-concept findings suggest potential for developing novel therapies for drug-resistant epilepsy.