Cortical windows for implant and cement removal during revision total elbow arthroplasty

Revision total elbow arthroplasty (rTEA) remains a technically challenging procedure with potential for substantial morbidity. Cases involving excessively long cement mantles, removal of well-fixed implants or infected revisions requiring complete cement removal introduce additional technical challenges. Our purpose was to describe the outcomes, results, and complications associated with the use of cortical windows in rTEA. In addition, we provide a technical description of the procedure.

rTEA cases utilizing a cortical window performed by two surgeons between 2019 and 2023 were reviewed. Baseline demographics and case characteristics were recorded. Preoperative and postoperative outcomes were compared, including range of motion, radiographic outcomes, surgical complications and patient-reported outcome measures.

Seven rTEA cases involving either a humeral or ulnar cortical window were included with an average follow-up of 15 months. Indications for cortical windows included infection, periprosthetic humerus fracture and presumed aseptic loosening. Improvements were noted postoperatively for pain scores, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation elbow scores. Final flexion-extension and pronation-supination were 100° and 156°. One patient (14%) had a postoperative complication (failure of fixation of a periprosthetic humerus fracture). There were no cases of intraoperative iatrogenic fracture or nerve injury.

For rTEA cases during which a cortical window was performed, complications occurred infrequently in the short term. In these challenging procedures, cortical windows appear to provide a relatively safe and efficient means of removing excessively long cement mantles or well-fixed components.